Saturday, February 15, 2020
Philosophy of Nursing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Philosophy of Nursing - Coursework Example During those ages when women were confined within their homes and family life, nursing had become a household art. Progress of nursing has been influenced by the duties of women and their economic independence. In earliest times, nursing was associated with motherly care of infants and was termed as wet nurse. By the 16th century the meaning of nursing meant to attend and care for the sick (Donahue, 2010, pp.4,6). In early times it was believed that nurses required no formal education or training. They were unlicensed doctors, abortionists, midwives and counselors in the western history. For centuries, the nurses passed on their experiences to their neighbors or daughters. They were termed as ââ¬Å"wise womenâ⬠by the people. One early myth was that women were so trapped by their menstruation and reproduction cycles that they were not independent outside their homes. Another myth was that male professionals had superior technology. These myths were false since women were inherently healers for the poor. It was also found that male professionals depended more on ritualistic practices while women represented more humane approach to healing (Ehrenreich & English, pp.25,27). According to Jean Watson, professor of Nursing, ââ¬Å"The nurse has a human responsibility to move beyond the patientââ¬â¢s immediate specific needs and help the patient reach his or her highest level of growth, mat urity and healthâ⬠(Clarke, 2011, p.406). Professor Margaret Newman has stated all contrasting experiences are equal like pain and pleasure, failure and success etc. Although, spiritually this makes sense, this is not practical when practicing nursing especially in cases where patients seek recovery from illness (Clarke, 2011, p.406). The concept of nursing is often considered as informal care of patients and therefore most practicing nurses do not accept nursing models
Sunday, February 2, 2020
Early Italian Poetry and Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words
Early Italian Poetry and Woman - Essay Example 3). Through this form of poetry, poets were able to reflect inwards to their own voice, which provided them a mode through which to discover themselves. However, the medium of the written word also enabled the separation of the ââ¬Å"speaker from the spokenâ⬠, in which the author was able to construct an ââ¬Å"alter egoâ⬠that could express the actual speakerââ¬â¢s unrestrained feelings (Holmes 2000, p. 4). This shift also marked a shift towards authorship of the autobiographical, in which the Italian poets of the middle ages utilized the written word as a ââ¬Å"confessional self-portraitâ⬠, where the words represented the poetââ¬â¢s innermost thoughts on such themes as life, religion, salvation, loss, etc. (2000, p. 7). Through a critical look at selected poems by Guinizelli, Dante, and Petrarch, the central theme of love will be discussed, as it is portrayed through the character of the heavenly or angelic idealized woman. Prior to a critical reading of the poetry, a brief biographical discussion on the poets is necessary to understanding the importance of the literary genre. In several of his poems, Dante referred to Guido Guinizelli as the ââ¬Å"father of me and father of my bettersâ⬠for having founded the school of poetry referred to as the dolce stil nuovo (Lambdin & Cooner Lambdin 2000, p. 248). Born in 1230, in Bologna, Italy, Guinizelli founded the new style of poetry, which included the literary contributions of several Bolognese poets, including the prominent poetry by Dante. Unlike the Sicilian poets, ââ¬Å"Guinizelliââ¬â¢s analogies, metaphors, poetic language, and concept of love reflect his effort to write not from the heart but from the head, and to analyze love and its effectsâ⬠(Lambdin & Cooner Lambdin 2000, p. 248). ... 248). His most well-known poem, ââ¬Å"Al cor gentil rempaira sempre amoreâ⬠critically analyzes courtly love by emphasizing the central importance of internal integrity as the true source of nobility, rather than basing nobility on status. He goes on to compare the noble love between a woman and man to the relationship between God and the angels. Dante used the image of Guinizelliââ¬â¢s noble lady in his anthology of works, entitled Vita nuova, and Dante accredits Guinizelli for playing the ââ¬Å"role of both poetic father and prophet in establishing the dolce stil nuovo manifesto as the poetic vehicle for articulating philosophic truth through loveâ⬠(Lambdin & Cooner Lambdin 2000, p. 249). Guinizelliââ¬â¢s most famous successor was Dante Alighieri, who was born in Florence in 1265. Seeing his life-long love, Beatrice Portinari, at the age of nine served as inspiration for his entire artistic career, and the love story between Dante and Beatrice unfolds in Danteâ⠬â¢s Vita nuova, which was written after (and inspired by) the deep emotional impact of Beatriceââ¬â¢s death in 1290 (Lambdin & Cooner Lambdin 2000, p. 118). During the political turmoil in Florence at the end of the 13th century, Dante was exiled from Florence until his death; according to Danteââ¬â¢s first biographer, Boccaccio, the meeting with Beatrice and his exile from Florence was the two more important events in Danteââ¬â¢s life which strongly impacted his artistic work. Written between 1293 to 1294, Vita nuova consists of thirty-one poems written to, and about, Beatrice, whom he viewed as ââ¬Å"representative of divine goodness and beatitude on earthâ⬠; and it is in this anthology that Dante rejects
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